The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Resilience and Satisfaction with Life in Adolescent Students.

Background: During their school years, adolescents undergo emotional and motivational experiences that can play a key role in their personal and academic development. This study aims to analyse the relationship between self-esteem, resilience and satisfaction with life. Methods: The study comprised 1592 students. The instruments used were Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale (RSE), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Descriptive statistics, correlations between the variables investigated and investigated and mediation analysis was calculated by SPSS v26.0's MACRO. Results: The results of this study revealed 1) significant correlations between self-esteem, resilience and satisfaction with life. In addition, 2) it was found that self-esteem plays a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and satisfaction with life in adolescents. For all the operations, a p≤0.05 level of significance was adopted, with a 95% confidence level. Conclusion: The self-esteem of the students is decisive in the relationship between resilience and satisfaction with life in adolescents. These results emphasise the importance of promoting self-esteem, as mediating variable between the other two constructs, leading to the adequate personal and academic development of students.

Emotional Regulation and Academic Performance in the Academic Context: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in Secondary Education Students.

Background: in the school stage, adolescents experience different emotional and motivational states involved in the learning process that play a fundamental role in their personal and academic development. In this way, the study focuses on analyzing the relationships between emotional regulation, self-efficacy and academic performance, as well as the possible mediating role of self-efficacy in both. Methods: the study included 2204 students, both male (N = 1193; 54.12%) and female (N = 1011; 45.87%) with ages ranging from 12 to 18 years (M = 14.69; DT = 1.76). The measures used for the investigation were the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) and average marks were used to measure students' academic performance. Results: The results of the study revealed a self-determined behavioral pattern characterized by high scores in emotional regulation, self-efficacy and academic performance. Likewise, the mediating role of self-efficacy between emotional regulation and student academic performance was significant. Conclusion: the influence of the academic self-efficacy variable as a mediator between the studied constructs is denoted, as well as the importance of promoting adaptive behaviors in the classroom that can lead to adequate personal development of students together with optimal academic performance.

Psychological Analysis among Goal Orientation, Emotional Intelligence and Academic Burnout in Middle School Students.

During schooling, students can undergo, for more or less long periods of time, different contextual settings that can negatively affect their personal and academic development, leading them not to meet their academic goals. The main objective of this research responds to examine the relationships between the constructs of goal orientations, emotional intelligence, and burnout in students. Method: This research comprised 2896 students from 15 Spanish high schools with ages between 12 and 18 years distributed across male (N = 1614; 55.73%) and female (N = 1282; 44.26%) genders. The measurements were made through Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), the Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS). Results: Results showed links between task orientation, high emotional intelligence levels, and adaptive behaviors and between ego orientation, academic burnout and less adaptive behavior. Similarly, it was shown that emotional intelligence can be used to predict goal-oriented behaviors. Conclusion: It is argued that the promotion of task orientation among secondary school students can lead to the adoption of adaptive behaviors and this, in turn, improve the development of students toward academic and personal settings.

The Mediating Role of Goal Orientation (Task) in the Relationship between Engagement and Academic Self-Concept in Students.

Some students many not possess the necessary strategies and skills to meet the demands of academic life and develop negative attitudes, physical and mental exhaustion, and other attitudes that will undermine their personal and academic development. This study analyses the relationship and possible role of goal orientation as a mediator between engagement and academic self-concept. Methods: The study concerned a population of 1756 subjects from 12 secondary schools (ESO). The instruments used included the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student (UWES-S), the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), and the Academic Self-Concept Scale (ASCS). Results: The results revealed significant correlations between academic engagement, task-oriented goal orientation, and academic self-concept. In addition, task orientation was found to play a positive mediating role between academic engagement and academic self-concept, leading to adaptive models in secondary school students. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to promote goal orientation in order to stimulate self-determined behaviours in the school environment and improved levels of academic self-concept, which in turn will facilitate the psychological and personal development of the student and increase the chances of academic success.

Exploring the Psychological Effects of Optimism on Life Satisfaction in Students: The Mediating Role of Goal Orientations.

Subjective wellbeing is a current issue today. Various variables affect subjective wellbeing during adolescence: a crucial stage in the life of the individual. This study focuses on analysing the relationship between academic goal orientation, optimism and life satisfaction in adolescent students, as well as the possible mediating role of the goal orientation (task and ego) in the relationship between optimism and life satisfaction in adolescents. Methods: The sample comprises 1602 students (male N = 871; 54.36% and female N = 731; 45.63%) from nine secondary schools. The instruments used were the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaire. Results: The results of the study reveal significant correlations between optimism-related variables, goal orientation and life satisfaction. In addition, goal orientation was found to have a positive mediating role on optimism and life satisfaction. Conclusion: The study shows the importance of promoting adaptive behaviours in goal orientation in adolescents, leading to optimal levels on variables such as optimism and life satisfaction, which in turn improve the individual's psychological development and academic performance.

Burnout, Goal Orientation and Academic Performance in Adolescent Students.

During their school years, students can have different experiences and go through various emotional and motivational states that can affect their learning experience and play a key role in their personal and academic development. The goal of this paper is to analyse the relationship between goal orientation, burnout and academic performance. Material and methods: The study comprised a sample of 2652 students aged between 12 and 19 years (M = 14.55; DT = 1.70), both male (n = 1.368; 51.58%) and female (N = 1.284; 48.41%), from 14 secondary schools. The instruments used were the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and academic performance, which was measured using the students' average school marks. Results: Results indicate a significant relationship between task orientation (and, to a lesser extent, ego orientation), efficacy and academic performance in line with adaptive behaviours. In addition, it was demonstrated that task orientation, efficacy and cynicism (burnout) can be used to predict academic performance in adolescents. Conclusion: It is argued that goal orientation plays a key role in promoting adaptive behaviours in an academic context and in the personal and academic development of adolescent students.

Relaciones entre la inteligencia emocional, el burnout académico y el rendimiento en adolescentes escolares / Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Academic Burnout and School Performance in Adolescent Students

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional, el burnout académico y el rendimiento escolar en una muestra de 1756 estudiantes adolescentes pertenecientes a nueve centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones españolas del Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) y el Maslach Burnout Inventory Student-Survey (MBI-SS); y el rendimiento escolar se cuantificó a través de la nota media de cada alumno. Se realizó un estudio ex post-facto de carácter prospectivo con un diseño descriptivo simple. Los resultados mostraron relaciones positivas del rendimiento escolar con las dimensiones de comprensión y regulación emocional, así como con la eficacia académica; y relación negativa con el agotamiento físico/ emocional y cinismo. Los resultados resaltan la influencia de los recursos personales asociados a la inteligencia emocional en la prevención de la aparición del burnout, así como en la mejora de la eficacia personal que pueda conducir a un mayor rendimiento. Se desprende la necesidad de promover las habilidades emocionales en el aula como facilitadoras de las actitudes positivas hacia el desempeño escolar y la prevención del burnout académico.

Abstract This paper aimed to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, academic burnout and school performance in a sample of 1.756 adolescent students belonging to 9 compulsory secondary education (ESO) centers. The instruments used were the Spanish versions of the Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS); school performance was quantified through the average mark of each student. A prospective ex post facto study was conducted with a simple descriptive design. The results showed positive relationships of school performance with the dimensions of understanding and emotional regulation, as well as with academic effectiveness, and negative relationships with physical/emotional exhaustion and cynicism. The results highlight the influence of personal resources associated with emotional intelligence in preventing burnout, as well as personal effectiveness improvement that can lead to greater performance. The need to promote emotional skills in the classroom as facilitators of positive attitudes for school performance and the prevention of academic burnout is revealed.

Exploración de la dimensionalidad y las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional -EIS / EISExploration of the Dimensionality and Psychometric Properties of the Emotional Intelligence Scale -EIS

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo la adaptación de la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional -EIS- (abreviatura por su nombre en inglés Emotional Intelligence Scale) de Schutte et al. (1998) al idioma español, evaluando su consistencia interna, estructura factorial y validez y comparando tres modelos de medición de la Escala en una muestra de 1153 personas de origen español (48.83% hombres; M edad=29.32 años). El estudio comprendió dos fases: 1) se realizó la traducción de la EIS al español y se evaluó su consistencia interna, estructura factorial y validez convergente; y 2) se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio de la Escala. Los resultados apoyan la consistencia interna de la medida y apuntan a una estructura de seis factores de la inteligencia emocional: Atención a las propias emociones; Atención a las emociones de otros; Regulación de las propias emociones; Emoción expresada; Regulación de las emociones de otros; Emociones en la resolución de problemas. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró claramente que los factores de la EIS presentan una varianza acumulada del 59,83%, mostrando su capacidad de explicar la variación de inteligencia emocional. Por su parte, el análisis factorial confirmatorio confirma la adecuación del modelo compuesto por seis factores identificados y 33 ítems. La EIS es un instrumento fácil de comprender y rápido de completar, por lo que se considera útil para la evaluación de la inteligencia emocional en población hispanohablante.

Abstract This work has as a purpose to adjust the Emotional Intelligence Scale -EIS- of Schutte et al. (1998), the internal consistency and the factorial structure were investigated, comparing three measurement models, from a Spanish version, in a sample of 1153 people (48.83% men; M age = 29.32 years). The study comprises two phases: 1) the EIS English version was translated into Spanish also, its internal consistency, factorial structure and convergent validity were evaluated; and 2) the Confirmatory Factorial Analysis of the questionnaire was carried out. The results support the internal consistency of the measure and point to a structure of six factors of emotional intelligence: Appraisal of own emotions; Appraisal of others emotions; Regulation of own emotions; Expressed emotion; Regulation of others emotions; Emotions in problem solving. The Exploratory Factor Analysis clearly showed that the factors of the EIS show an accumulated variance of 59.831%, presenting its capability to explain the variation of emotional intelligence. On the other hand, Confirmatory Factor Analysis validates the adequacy of the model consisted of six identified factors and 33 items. Due to its facility to be understood and completed, the EIS is considered a useful instrument for emotional intelligence evaluation in the Spanish speaking population.

Relaciones de la inteligencia emocional, Burnout y compromiso académico con el rendimiento escolar de estudiantes adolescentes / Relationship between emotional intelligence, burnout and academic commitment with school performance in adolescent students

Objetivo: la finalidad de la presente investigación fue la de analizar las relaciones entre los constructos de la inteligencia emocional, el burnout, el engagement académico y el rendimiento escolar en 1756 estudiantes en etapa Secundaria de 9 centros educativos. Materiales y métodos: los instrumentos utilizados para dicho trabajo fueron las versiones traducidas al castellano del Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), el Maslach Burnout Inventory­Student Survey (MBI-SS) y Utrecht Work Engagement Scale­Student (UWES-S). Por su parte, el rendimiento escolar se midió por medio de la nota media del alumnado. Resultados: los resultados arrojaron relaciones positivas de las variables más autodeterminadas como resultan la inteligencia emocional y el engagement académico con el rendimiento escolar en un claro patrón de conductas más adaptativas. Por otro lado, puntuaciones más bajas en inteligencia emocional y burnout académico correlacionaron con menores puntuaciones de rendimiento escolar. Conclusiones: se desprende la importancia de la promoción de variables emocionales en clase para facilitar comportamientos positivos y autodeterminados que faciliten el rendimiento del alumnado así como la prevención del burnout potenciando el desarrollo educativo de los mismos..(AU)

Objective: the aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between constructs of emotional intelligence, burnout, academic engagement and school performance in 1756 students in Secondary stage of 9 highschools. Materials and methods: the instruments used for this research were the spanish translated versions of Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student (UWES-S). On the other hand, the school performance was measured by means of the average mark of the students. Results:the results showed positive relationships of the most self-determined variables such as emotional intelligence and academic engagement with school performance in a clear pattern of more adaptive behaviors. On the other hand, lower scores in emotional intelligence and academic burnout correlated with lower school performance scores. Conclusions: the importance of the promotion of emotional variables in class to facilitate positive and self-determined behaviors that facilitate the performance of students as well as the prevention of burnout enhancing their educational development..(AU)

Motivación escolar, inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria / School Motivation, Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance in Students of Secondary Education

Resumen. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre la motivación escolar, la inteligencia emocional y el rendimiento académico en una muestra de 3512 estudiantes adolescentes pertenecientes a 18 centros educativos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Motivación Educativa (EME-S), la Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) y el rendimiento académico se cuantificó a través de la nota media de los alumnos. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas entre motivaciones escolares intrínsecas e inteligencia emocional, en mayor medida que con las extrínsecas y amotivación. Asimismo, la regulación emocional, la motivación intrínseca hacia el conocimiento y la amotivación predijeron el rendimiento escolar de los alumnos. Se desprende la influencia de las tres variables en el desarrollo personal y académico de los estudiantes.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between school motivation, emotional intelligence and academic performance in a sample of 3512 adolescent students belonging to 18 educational centers. The instruments used were the spanish versions of the Educational Motivation Scale (EME-S), the Traid Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) and the academic performance was quantified through the average grade of the students. The results showed stronger relationships between intrinsic school motivations and emotional intelligence than extrinsic motivations and amotivation. Likewise, emotional regulation, intrinsic motivation and demotivation predicted students' school performance. The influence of school motivation, emotional intelligence and academic performance in the personal and academic development of the students.

Preventing injuries using a pre-training administered rated perceived exertion scale / Prevención de lesiones usando la escala de percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo

The objective of this study was to develop an injury prevention protocol based on Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) before and after training sessions was measured using the CR-10 Borg scale. Measuring pre-training exertion allows players to inform their coach about their state before initiating any activity, which helps the coach to adjust the training load. A total of 12 players from the Spanish first-division "Hormigoneras Umacón" futsal team were followed-up during the 2013/2014 season. Data were collected for 40 weeks in 225 training sessions. The injuries sustained and pre-training RPE obtained were recorded for each player. A RPE value of "6" was considered a "warning sign2 that indicated that the player might not be in optimal conditions to support the planned training load. The results reveal that the incidence of injuries was lower (p<0,05) among the players showing a lower number of warning signs. In addition, in the months with a higher training volume, warning signs were useful in reducing the number of injuries sustained by the players. In conclusion, "warning signs" indicate alterations in the physical state of players before initiating any activity, which allows the coach to modify the training load and reduce the risk of injuries

El objeto de estudio fue desarrollar un protocolo de prevención de lesiones basado en la Percepción Subjetiva de la Fatiga antes del entrenamiento. De acuerdo con autores que utilizan la Percepción Subjetiva (RPE) mediante la Escala CR-10 de Borg para evaluar la fatiga del jugador antes y después del entrenamiento, analizamos la fatiga previa considerando que esta variable permite al deportista informar al entrenador de sus sensaciones antes de iniciar la actividad, posibilitando variar las cargas. Participaron 12 jugadores del equipo "Hormigoneras Umacón" de Primera División española de fútbol sala durante la temporada 2013/2014. Se recogieron datos durante 40 semanas en 225 sesiones de entrenamiento. Se registraron las lesiones producidas y los valores de Percepción Subjetiva de la Fatiga previa de cada jugador estableciendo que un RPE de 6, denominado "señal de alerta", mostraba condiciones no óptimas para soportar las cargas planificadas. Los resultados muestran que los jugadores que menor número de señales tuvieron fueron los que mayor incidencia lesional reflejaron y viceversa (p<0,05). Además en los meses con mayor volumen de entrenamiento se consiguió que el número de lesiones no fuese mayor que el resto gracias a las señales de alerta obtenidas. Concluimos que la "señal de alerta" informa de cualquier alteración del estado del deportista antes de iniciar la actividad permitiendo modificar la carga disminuyendo el riesgo de lesión